Halogen-Free Flame Retardants: A Safer FR Compound Option
Halogen-free FR compounds cost more than brominated alternatives, but they're increasingly required for low-smoke, low-toxicity electrical and transport applications.
Why Halogen-Free Matters
Traditional brominated and chlorinated flame retardants are effective and low-cost, but they release dense, corrosive and toxic smoke when burned. Halogen-free flame retardant (HFFR) systems, typically based on phosphorus or nitrogen chemistry combined with metal hydroxides, produce far less smoke and lower toxicity in a fire event.
How They Work
Metal hydroxide-based systems like aluminium trihydrate (ATH) and magnesium hydroxide (MDH) release water vapour when heated, cooling the material and diluting flammable gases. Phosphorus-based systems typically work by promoting char formation on the surface, insulating the material below from heat and oxygen.
Where They're Required
Halogen-free FR compounds are increasingly specified in electrical cable and connector applications, rail and mass-transit interiors, and consumer electronics sold in regions with strict low-smoke, zero-halogen (LSZH/LS0H) regulations.
Trade-Offs to Consider
HFFR systems generally require higher loading levels than halogenated alternatives to achieve the same flame rating, which can affect mechanical properties and processing. Formulation expertise matters in balancing flame performance, mechanical strength and cost.
Siya Polymer supplies flame retardant compounds including halogen-free and low-smoke formulations for electrical and industrial use.
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